Métodos clásicos y de soft-computing en la optimización de procesos complejos: Aplicación a un proceso de fabricación

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Escuela Politécnica Superior, febrero de 201

Monitorización Inteligente de los Procesos de Corte en la Nanoescala.

En la actualidad una de las claves de los procesos de fabricación es la generación de nuevos conocimientos técnicos y científicos a través del estudio e investigación aplicada del proceso de corte en la micro y nano-escala de aleaciones para aplicaciones aeronáuticas y aeroespaciales y el diseño de un sistema de monitorización inteligente y en red. En este informe se recoge una revisión del estado del arte en los campos y temáticas afines al proceso de corte en la micro y nanoescala, técnicas de inteligencia artificial y monitorización en red de procesos de fabricación. Igualmente se presenta el diseño e implementación de un sistema de monitorización del proceso de corte y la medición de las señales que lo caracterizan

Hybrid incremental modeling based on least squares and fuzzy K-NN for monitoring tool wear in turning processes

There is now an emerging need for an efficient modeling strategy to develop a new generation of monitoring systems. One method of approaching the modeling of complex processes is to obtain a global model. It should be able to capture the basic or general behavior of the system, by means of a linear or quadratic regression, and then superimpose a local model on it that can capture the localized nonlinearities of the system. In this paper, a novel method based on a hybrid incremental modeling approach is designed and applied for tool wear detection in turning processes. It involves a two-step iterative process that combines a global model with a local model to take advantage of their underlying, complementary capacities. Thus, the first step constructs a global model using a least squares regression. A local model using the fuzzy k-nearest-neighbors smoothing algorithm is obtained in the second step. A comparative study then demonstrates that the hybrid incremental model provides better error-based performance indices for detecting tool wear than a transductive neurofuzzy model and an inductive neurofuzzy model

Self-adaptive strategy based on fuzzy control systems for improving performance in wireless sensors networks

The solutions to cope with new challenges that societies have to face nowadays involve providing smarter daily systems. To achieve this, technology has to evolve and leverage physical systems automatic interactions, with less human intervention. Technological paradigms like Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are providing reference models, architectures, approaches and tools that are to support cross-domain solutions. Thus, CPS based solutions will be applied in different application domains like e-Health, Smart Grid, Smart Transportation and so on, to assure the expected response from a complex system that relies on the smooth interaction and cooperation of diverse networked physical systems. The Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN) are a well-known wireless technology that are part of large CPS. The WSN aims at monitoring a physical system, object, (e.g., the environmental condition of a cargo container), and relaying data to the targeted processing element. The WSN communication reliability, as well as a restrained energy consumption, are expected features in a WSN. This paper shows the results obtained in a real WSN deployment, based on SunSPOT nodes, which carries out a fuzzy based control strategy to improve energy consumption while keeping communication reliability and computational resources usage among boundaries

Monitorización inteligente en tiempo real del acabado superficial de micro-piezas basado en el modelado híbrido incremental

Este trabajo propone la aplicación de una estrategia de modelado híbrido incremental (HIM) para la estimación en tiempo real de la rugosidad superficial en procesos de micromecanizado. Esta estrategia comprende fundamentalmente dos pasos. En primer lugar, se obtiene un modelo híbrido incremental representativo del proceso de micromecanizado. El resultado final de este modelo es una función de dos entradas (avance por diente cuadrático y vibración media cuadrática (rms) en el eje Z) y una salida (rugosidad superficial). En segundo lugar, se evalúa el modelo híbrido incremental en tiempo real para obtener la rugosidad superficial. El modelo se corrobora experimentalmente mediante su integración en un sistema embebido de monitorización en tiempo real del acabo superficial. La evaluación del prototipo demuestra una tasa de éxito en la estimación de la rugosidad superficial del 83%. Estos resultados son la base para el desarrollo de sistemas embebidos en la monitorización del acabo superficial de micro-piezas en tiempo real y el posterior desarrollo de una herramienta a nivel industria

Communication Range Dynamics and Performance Analysis for a Self-Adaptive Transmission Power Controller

The deployment of the nodes in a Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSAN) is typically restricted by the sensing and acting coverage. This implies that the locations of the nodes may be, and usually are, not optimal from the point of view of the radio communication. Additionally, when the transmission power is tuned for those locations, there are other unpredictable factors that can cause connectivity failures, like interferences, signal fading due to passing objects and, of course, radio irregularities. A control-based self-adaptive system is a typical solution to improve the energy consumption while keeping good connectivity. In this paper, we explore how the communication range for each node evolves along the iterations of an energy saving self-adaptive transmission power controller when using different parameter sets in an outdoor scenario, providing a WSAN that automatically adapts to surrounding changes keeping good connectivity. The results obtained in this paper show how the parameters with the best performance keep a k-connected network, where k is in the range of the desired node degree plus or minus a specified tolerance value

Artificial cognitive control with self-x capabilities: A case study of a micro-manufacturing process

Nowadays, even though cognitive control architectures form an important area of research, there are many constraints on the broad application of cognitive control at an industrial level and very few systematic approaches truly inspired by biological processes, from the perspective of control engineering. Thus, our main purpose here is the emulation of human socio-cognitive skills, so as to approach control engineering problems in an effective way at an industrial level. The artificial cognitive control architecture that we propose, based on the shared circuits model of socio-cognitive skills, seeks to overcome limitations from the perspectives of computer science, neuroscience and systems engineering. The design and implementation of artificial cognitive control architecture is focused on four key areas: (i) self-optimization and self-leaning capabilities by estimation of distribution and reinforcement-learning mechanisms; (ii) portability and scalability based on low-cost computing platforms; (iii) connectivity based on middleware; and (iv) model-driven approaches. The results of simulation and real-time application to force control of micro-manufacturing processes are presented as a proof of concept. The proof of concept of force control yields good transient responses, short settling times and acceptable steady-state error. The artificial cognitive control architecture built into a low-cost computing platform demonstrates the suitability of its implementation in an industrial setup

Consensus-Based Cooperative Control Based on Pollution Sensing and Traffic Information for Urban Traffic Networks

Nowadays many studies are being conducted to develop solutions for improving the performance of urban traffic networks. One of the main challenges is the necessary cooperation among different entities such as vehicles or infrastructure systems and how to exploit the information available through networks of sensors deployed as infrastructures for smart cities. In this work an algorithm for cooperative control of urban subsystems is proposed to provide a solution for mobility problems in cities. The interconnected traffic lights controller (TLC) network adapts traffic lights cycles, based on traffic and air pollution sensory information, in order to improve the performance of urban traffic networks. The presence of air pollution in cities is not only caused by road traffic but there are other pollution sources that contribute to increase or decrease the pollution level. Due to the distributed and heterogeneous nature of the different components involved, a system of systems engineering approach is applied to design a consensus-based control algorithm. The designed control strategy contains a consensus-based component that uses the information shared in the network for reaching a consensus in the state of TLC network components. Discrete event systems specification is applied for modelling and simulation. The proposed solution is assessed by simulation studies with very promising results to deal with simultaneous responses to both pollution levels and traffic flows in urban traffic networks.Authors wish to thank the support given by the project IoSENSE: Flexible FE/BE Sensor Pilot Line for the Internet of Everything, funded by the Electronic Component Systems for European Leadership Joint (ECSEL) Undertaking under grant agreement No 692480.This work has been also supported by MINECO (Spain) through the project RTC-2015-3942-4 TCAP: Auto. Moreover, Raúl M. del Toro acknowledges the financial support received from MINECO through grant “Juan de la Cierva-incorporación”, code IJCI-2014-20169.We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)

Procedimiento y sistema para la monitorización en tiempo real de una operación de mecanizado

La presente invención divulga un procedimiento de alta precisión para monitorizar en tiempo real el estado del contacto herramienta-pieza de trabajo en operaciones de mecanizado y la detección de la rotura de la herramienta. Un primer aspecto de la invención describe un procedimiento de monitorización del comportamiento dinámico del proceso de corte de una operación de mecanizado, basado en la medida de la caída de voltaje entre herramienta de corte y pieza. El método es especialmente útil en operaciones de micromecanizado aunque su concepto general es aplicable a operaciones de mecanizado en general. Un segundo aspecto está dirigido a un sistema para la monitorización en tiempo real de operaciones de mecanizado que comprende fundamentalmente: un sensor para determinar la caída de potencial herramienta-pieza de trabajo y unos medios de procesamiento que reciben la señal del sensor y están adaptados para llevar a cabo el procedimiento propuesto en la invenciónPeer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridB1 Patente sin examen previ

Consensus-Based Cooperative Control Approach Applied to Urban Traffic Networks

Nowadays many studies are conducted to develop solutions for improving the performance of urban traffic networks. One of the main challenges is the necessary cooperation among different entities such as vehicles or infrastructure systems and exploit the information available through networks of sensors deployed as infrastructures for smart cities. In this work an algorithm for cooperative control of urban subsystems is applied in order to provide solutions for mobility related problems in cities. The interconnected traffic lights controllers (TLC) network adapts traffic lights cycles, based on traffic and air pollution information, in order to improve the performance of urban traffic networks. The presence of air pollution in cities is not only caused by road traffic but there are other pollution sources that contribute to increase or decrease of the pollution level. Then the problem becomes more complex. Due to the distributed and heterogeneous nature of the different components involved, a system of systems engineering approach has been followed as design method and a distributed consensus-based control algorithm has been applied. The applied control law contains a consensus-based component that uses the information shared in the network for reaching a consensus in the state of TLC network components. Furthermore, Discrete Event Systems Specification (DEVS) formalism is applied for modelling and simulation purpose. The proposed solution has been tested and validated in a simulated environment corroborating that the proposed solution is a powerful technique to deal with simultaneous responses to both pollution levels and traffic flows in urban traffic networks.Authors wish to thank the support given by the project IoSENSE: Flexible FE/BE Sensor Pilot Line for the Internet of Everything, funded by the Electronic Component Systems for European Leadership Joint (ECSEL) Undertaking under grant agreement No. 692480.This work has been also supported by MINECO (Spain) through the project RTC-2015-3942-4 TCAP: Auto. Moreover, Raúl M. del Toro acknowledges the financial support received from MINECO through grant “Juan de la Cierva-incorporación”, code IJCI-2014- 20169.We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)